Groundwater recharge assessment and long-term simulation for managing the threat of salinization of irrigated lands

The advancement of irrigated agriculture is indispensable to satisfy the growing food demands world's prospering population. It also essential for accomplishing many UN SDGs (United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals) such as SDG1 (No Poverty), SDG2 (Zero Hunger), and SDG15 (Life on Land). Without proper management, however, irrigation can cause twin hydrological problems, i.e., rising aquifer levels salinization in areas. Currently, more than a fifth total worldwide region adversely affected by these problems. Furthermore, whenever left unaddressed, problems could spread half lands 2050. To evaluate aforesaid issues an India, this study first developed water balance model assess long-term groundwater recharge which would help understand system dynamics Then, after analyzing results, simulation was set up considering local agro-hydro-climatic soil conditions. approach used its kind selected it will offer better comprehension processes that guide imbalances. presented novel easy follow be replicated other parts world dealing with comparative issues. model’s performance evaluated statistically before being applied. models performed very well evidenced high R-squared values efficiency, low ME RMSE values. analysis revealed have been last two decades they continue rise if no preventive measures are implemented. simulated scenarios showed under base case alternative increase at mean yearly rate 0.08 m. Hence, apt management plans altered cropping pattern, conjunctive use, canal lining recommended. most favorable scenario divulged even little alteration six percent different inputs contain safe from mentioned above.